Air pollution is likely to increase the risk of developing dementia, a UK government research group has said, local media reported.
The Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants has published its findings after reviewing almost 70 studies that analyzed how exposure to emissions affects the brain over time, The Guardian reported.
The 291-page report concludes that air pollution is likely to increase the risk of accelerated “cognitive decline” and of “developing dementia” in older people, The Guardian reported.
Experts believe this is due to the impact of pollutants entering the circulatory system, affecting blood flow to the brain.
The authors said: “The epidemiological evidence reviewed fairly consistently reports associations between chronic exposure to air pollution and reduced global cognition and impairment in visuospatial abilities as well as cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia.
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“Results are heterogeneous as regards other cognitive domains such as executive function, attention, memory, language, and mild cognitive impairment. The identified neuroimaging studies consistently report associations between exposure to air pollution and white matter atrophy.”
It adds that studies are split over which pollutant is most associated with these effects.
The committee said it had made recommendations for further research to help develop the evidence.
About 850,000 people in the UK suffer from dementia, according to the NHS.
There is also more well-established evidence to show that exposure to air pollution increases the risk of heart disease, The Guardian reported.
Breathing in emissions can damage the blood vessels by making them narrower and harder – increasing the likelihood of clots, abnormal heart rhythms, and heart attacks, according to the British Heart Foundation.
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